Self-loading repeating firearm



Dec. 19, 1944. c. e. SWEBILIUS- SELF-LOADING REPEATING FIREARM Original Filed Oct. 15, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l la is Dec. 19, 1944. c, G. SWEBILIUS 2,365,307

SELF-LOADING REPEATING FIREARM Original Filed Oct. 15, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 hue/r 2 0/ Patented Dec. 19, 1944 SELF-LOADING REPEATING FIREARM Carl G. Swebilius, Hamden, Conn., assignor to The High Standard Manufacturing Corporation,

New Haven, cut

Conn., a corporation of Connecti- Original application October 15, 1940, Serial No. 361,208. "Divided and this application October 31, 1941, Serial No. 417,251

Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in self-loading repeatin firearms, that is to say, firearms of the type wherein the forces developed by the discharge of a given cartridge are utilized to operate the firearm and effect the extraction and ejection of the just-fired cartridge preparatory to the insertion of a fresh cartridge and another cycle of operation. The present application constitutes a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 361,208, filed October 15, 1940, now Patent N 0. 2,342,824, dated February 29, 1944.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a superior self-loading repeating firearm characterized by low cost for manufacture and ruggedness and reliability of performance over long periods of use under adverse conditions.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a firearm of the type referred to embodying a reciprocating breech-bolt and a manuallyoperable slide for manually retiring the said breech-bolt, and in which the said operatingmember acts in an effective manner to restrain the breech-bolt against turning movement rela tive to the firearm-structure.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a superior self-loading repeating firearm with simple and effective means for manually eifecting th retirement of the breech-bolt of the firearm.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a superior firearm of the type referred to and in which the operating-slide or its equivalent does not normally partake of the automatic rearward movement of the breech-bolt.

With the above and other objects in view, as will appear to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. this invention includes all feature in the said disclosure which are novel over the prior art and which are not claimed in any separate application.

In the accompanying drawings, in which certain modes of carrying out the present invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

1 is a view in side elevation of a self-loading repeating firearm embodying the present invention;

line 55 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a view of the central portion of the firearm shown mainly in side elevation and partly in vertical central-longitudinal section with the breech-bolt shown in its retired position;

' Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; "Fig.4 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a view in side elevation of the upper receiver-member together with the rear portion,

of the barrel assembled therewith;

Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line '!'i of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a View in side elevation of the breechbolt;

Fig. 9 is an elevational view looking toward the forward end of the breech-bolt;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the inner slidemember of the manual bolt-operating-slide unit; and

Fig. 11 is a similar view of the outer slidemember of the manual bolt-operating-slide unit.

The particular self-loading repeating firearm herein chosen for purposes of illustrating the present invention comprises, in the main, a buttstock I 5, a two-part receiver generally designated by the reference character It, a barrel I! and a forehand grip I8. The receiver l6 above referred to includes an upper receiver-member l9 and a lower receiver-member 20, which are normally firmly and rigidly coupled together. The said lower receiver-member 20 is rigidly attached at its rear to the forward end of the buttstock IS in any approved manner. The upper receivermember I 9 is generally of cylindrical form exteriorly and has threaded into its extreme forward end the rear endof the barrel [1, to which latter in turn is secured the forehand grip IS.

The upper receiver-member I9 is of substantially-tubular form and is provided with a substantially-cylindrical interior mechanism-receiving chamber 2| receiving a cylindrically-contoured breech-bolt 22 formed with a coaxial forwardly-extending integral breech-closing stem 23. The said breech-closing stem 23 is also cylindrically-contoured andis adapted to be entered into and retired from a longitudinal passage 24 formed in the forward reduced-diameter portion 25 of the upper receiver-member IS.

The breech-bolt 22 is formed in its rear portion with an axial spring-receiving bore 26 opening through the rear end of the breech-bolt and receiving a breech-closing spring 2! requiring no detailed description herein but serving to yieldingly urge the breech-bolt 22 forwardly to its breech-closing position, all in a manner more fully set forth in my co-pending application before referred to. About midway of its length, the breech-bolt 22 is formed in its under face with a rearwardly-facing cocking-shoulder 28 releasably engagedby the rear end of a sear 29 indicated in Fi 2.

In its right side the breech-bolt 22 is formed with a longitudinally-extending groove 30 having its forward end intersecting the front end of the breech-bolt proper and having its rear end terminating just short of the rear end of the breech-bolt and constituting a forwardly,- The groove 30" receives with a capacity for relative longitudinal facing actuating-abutment 3|.

sliding movement the bar-like body-portion of an inner slide-member 32, as :shown' particularly:

well in Fig. 10. At its forward end'th sinner slide-member 32 is provided a rigid 'out wardly-projecting coupling-finger 33 extending outwardly through a longitudinal slot :34! inQthe' "right side Wall of the main portion-of the upper receiver-member l9,.as is particularly well shown cated in Fig. 2. When the breech-bolt 22 is thrown rearwardly as just described, both the inner slide-member 32 and the outer slide-member 36 will remain in their forward positions, as is shown inFigs. 1, 2'and 3. Under these conditions, the actuating-abutment 3 l. of the breechbolt 22 merely rides rearwardly away from the rear end of the inner slide-member 32. When the sear 29 is depressed in any approved manner,:the. breech-bolt 22 will move forwardly under the urge of the breech-closing spring 21 and if the firearm should be empty, the said breechbolt will remain in its forward position, due to the absence of any explosion to throw it rearwardly. 1

With the breech-bolt 22 in its forward position;:..it is both .necessary and desirable under various conditions to manuallyretract the said I in Fig. 3. By reference to Figs. 3 and tin par ticular, it will be seen that the body-portion of the inner slide-member 32 is located within the interior of the upper receiver-member [9: The 'coupling finger 3301 the inner slide-member 32,

after passing outwardlythrough the slot 34," exb'y reference toFi'gs-e-anddin-particular of the drawings, the outer face of-the body porti'on of the inner slide-member 32 is convexed to substantially conform to the curvature of 'the mechanism-receiving chamber-2t in the upper receiver memb'er 19; The outer'sl-i'de-member' 36 ceiver' member ll-lizandmas its inner". face transverse'ly. concavedtto substantially conform: tothe transversemurvature .of the adjacent outer face of the said upper receiver-.memb'erl 9.

As the inner-slide-member 32 and the oute slide-member 36" are thus constructed and arranged, the-coupling-finger 33 of the: said inner slide-member and the key-pin 38 serve'to organize thetwo saidslide-membersinto a unitary structure which is capable-of reciprocation With'l'- spect to theupperreceiver-memberI 9 and withinthe limits of the length ofthelongitudinal slot 34 inthesaid upper receiver-member l9.-

By virtue of the slidingfit of the body-portion ofthe-inner slide-member 32 in then-groove 30 inthe sideof thebreech-bolt 22,.the saidbreechbolt. is held by the said inner slide-member against rotational movement within the mecha nism-receiving chamber. 2|. Thev inner slidemember 32, .as. well. as the outer slide-member 36; is held against vdisplacementaround. the pe riphery oi'the upper receiver-member .ls by the extension of the coupling-finger .33- through the slot .34" in the said member. Under, these-..condi-. tions, it followsthatthe breech-bolt 22 is'keyed orsplined against rotational movement Within the upper receiver member I9 while. being permitted freelongitudinal movement within the said receiver-memberl V When the firearm illustrated is fired; the breech-bolt 22 will be thrown backwardly into its rearmost position' and there releasably held by the engagement of *the sear 29 with" the co ckingshoulder 28*01'1thesaid'breechmolt, as" is indibreechbolt, and such retraction may be accomplished by the marksmangrasping the fingerpiecezor handle 31 of the :outer slide-member 36 and drawing rearwardly thereon. Theirearward draftupon the finger-piece 31 as just referred toawillsimultaneously move both the outerslidemember '35 I and: the inner slidemember 32in a rearward direction, withthe result that the rear end of the said inner slide-member will; be

rides upon the outer: surface ofthexupper rebrought into engagement-with the actuating abutment 3| constituting the reariwall ofthe roove, 30 in' the'breechrbolt22'. In. this manner, "the breech-bolt. may be. retired intoitsrearmost position;

The. invention maybencarried'zout, in other specific; ways than those'herein set forth' without departing from thespirit and. essential characteristics of the invention, and the present em-- bodiments are, therefore, to "be considered inrall respects. as illustrative and notrestrictive; and all changes coming" within the vmeaning and equivalency-rangeaofthe appended claims are intendedto. be embraced; therein.

Iclaim:

1. .A Self-loadingrepeating firearm-including in combination: a receiverghaving-a longitudinal chamber. therein and formed. in its-wall with a longitudinal .slotintersecting the 1 said chamber and; also theouter surface of the-receiver; a breech-bolt reciprocable in the chamber-in the said receiver" and also transversely turnable therein except .for the restraint imposed by the hereinafter-mentioned operating-slide, the said breech-bolt having a longitudinal coupling-groove therein and provided. with a forwardly-facing abutment; andv an'operating-slide mounted for reciprocation in thelongitudinal slot in the said receiver and having an outwardly-extending=handle-portion available for manipulation from the exteriorof the said receiver, the saidoperatingslide alsohaving a bar-like inner portion reciprocating within the chamber in the said receiver and extending into sliding, keying engagement with thelongitudinal couplingegroovein the said breech-bolt andconstructed andarranged to nor.- mally reciprocate longitudinally. in. thesaid ecu Min -groove and Ltohold the. said breech-bolt against turning movement within the said-receiver, the said bar-like inner portion of the operating-slide having arearwardly-iacing abutment engaging withthe forwardly-facing .abutment of i longitudinal slot leading from the interior to the exterior of the receiver; a breech-bolt reciprocating within the chamber in the said receiver and also transversely turnable therein except for the restraint imposed by the hereinafter-mentioned operating-slide, the said breech-bolt being formed upon its periphery with a, longitudinal coupling-groove opening through the forward end of the said breech-bolt and having a forwardlyfacing abutment at its rear; and an operatingslide reciprocating in the longitudinal slot in the said receiver and having an outwardly-extending handle-portion available for manipulation from the exterior of the said receiver, the said operating-slide also having a bar-like inner portion reciprocating within the chamber in the said receiver and extending into sliding keying engagement with the longitudinal coupling-groove in the said breech-bolt to normally reciprocate longitudinally in the said coupling-groove and to hold th said breech-bolt against turning movement within the said receiver, the bar-like inner portion of the said operating-slide being positioned for the engagement of its rear end with the forwardly-facing abutment in the coupling groove of the said breech-bolt when the said operating-slide is moved rearwardly relative to the said receiver and the said breech-bolt.

3. A sell-loading repeating firearm including in combination: a receiver having a longitudinal chamber therein and formed in its wall with a longitudinal slot leading from the interior to the exterior of the receiver; a breech-bolt reciprocating within the chamber in the said receiver and also transversely turnable therein except for the restraint imposed by the hereinafter-mentioned operating-slide, the said breech-bolt being formed u on its periphery with a longitudinal coupling-groove opening through the forward end of the said breech-bolt and having a forwardlyfacing abutment at its rear; and an operatingslide for manually retiring the said breech-bolt and including a bar-like inner slide-member constructed and arranged to slidably fit into and normally reciprocate longitudinally Within the longitudinal coupling-groove in the periphery of the said breech-bolt and located within the chamber of the said receiver for longitudinal reciprocation therein and for engagement with the forwardly-facing abutment in the groove of the said breech-bolt, an outer slide-member located adjacent the outer periphery of the said receiver, and means extending through the slot in the said receiver and coupling the said inner slide-member to the said outer slide-member.

4. A se1f-loading repeating firearm including in combination: a receiver having a longitudinal chamber therein and formed in its side wall with a longitudinal slot leading from the interior to the exterior of the receiver; a breech-bolt reciprocable within the chamber in the said receiver and also transversely turnable therein except for the restraint imposed by the hereinafter-mentioned operating-slide, the said breech-bolt being formed upon its periphery with a longitudinal coupling-groove and provided with a forwardlyfacing abutment; and an operating-slide for manually retiring the said breech-bolt and including a bar-like inner slide-member constructed and arranged to slidably fit into and normally reciprocate longitudinally within the longitudinal coupling-groove in the periphery of the said breechbolt and located within the chamber of the said receiverior longitudinal reciprocation therein, the said bar-like inner slide-member having a rearwardly-facing abutment engaging with the forwardly-facing abutment of the said breechbolt to limit the relative rearward movement of the action-slide with respect to the said breechbolt, an outer slide-member located adjacent the outer periphery of the said receiver, one of the said members being formed with a socket and the other thereof being formed with a projection extendin through the longitudinal slot in the said receiver and into the socket in the other of said members.

5. A self-loading repeating firearm including in combination: a receiver having a longitudinal chamber therein and formed in its wall with a longitudinal slot leading from the interior to the exterior of the receiver; a breech-bolt reciprocable within the chamber in the said receiver and also transversely turnable therein except for the restraint imposed by the hereinafter-mentioned operating-slide, the said breech-bolt being formed upon its periphery with a longitudinal couplinggroove and provided with a forwardly-facing abutment; and an operating-slide for manually retiring the said breech-bolt and including an outer slide-member reciprocable longitudinally of the firearm-structure adjacent the outer terminus of the longitudinal slot in the said receiver and having an outwardly-extending handle-portion provided with a substantially-radial couplingrecess, and a bar-like inner slide-member reciprocable within the chamber in the said receiver longitudinally of the firearm and adjacent the inner terminus of the slot therein, the said inner slide-member slidably fitting into and reciprocating longitudinally within the longitudinal coupling-groove in the said breech-bolt to hold the same against turning movement while normally permitting relative .longitudinal movement between the inner slide-member and the said breech-bolt, the said bar-lik inner slide-member having a rearwardly-facing abutment engaging with the forwardly-facing abutment of the said.

breech-bolt to limit the relative rearward movement of the action-slide with respect to the said breech-bolt and a coupling-finger extending outwardly from the said inner slide-member through the longitudinal slot in the said receiver and into the coupling-recess in the said outer slide-memher to couple the two said slide-members together.

CARL G. SWEBILIUS. 

